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Cybersecurity module

Identity and access

A great many breaches become possible because systems trust the wrong user, the wrong device, or the wrong session for too long.

  • Foundations
  • 18 min
  • 2 outcomes

Optional progress

Record completion if you need it

What changes after this module

Learn why identity proof, access rules, and least privilege matter more than simply adding another login screen.

Outcome promise

  • Explain the difference between authentication and authorisation.
  • Describe why least privilege and session control reduce common security failures.

Core model

Use the diagram and terms below as the minimum model you should be able to explain after this module. If you cannot explain the model in plain language, pause here before you move on.

Identity and access
A single visual model so the concept stays connected to a real decision.
IdentityclaimProof andcontextPolicy andsessionAction,review, revokeprovedecideenforcereview access

Key terms

Authentication
Checking who or what is requesting access.
Authorisation
Deciding what that identity is allowed to do.

Check yourself

Answer the prompt before you reveal the check. If you cannot answer it in your own words, revisit the model and the terms once more.

Quick check

Why is strong login alone not enough for safe access?

Reveal the answer check

Because you still need to control what the identity can reach, how long access lasts, and whether the context still looks safe.

Reflection and evidence

Keep the evidence small. One honest reflection and one small artefact is enough to show that the learning changed how you describe, check, or design something.

Reflection prompt

Pick one shared system. Where is access broader than it probably needs to be?

Artefact

A simple identity flow note with one privilege reduction or session improvement.

Optional deeper practice

Use the workspace to map one access journey from sign-in to action and mark where you would tighten control.

Move through the course

Keep the flow predictable. Stay with the stage sequence unless you have a clear reason to jump around.