All events
Every dated event covered on the course. Sort by clicking a column heading. Filter by era, domain, or event type.
| Year | Event | Domain | Type | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Founded | Standards | Organisation founded | 1 |
| 1950 | Turing Proposes the Imitation Game | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 1956 | Dartmouth Conference: Birth of AI as a Field | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 2 |
| 1961 | Invention of Packet Switching | Networking | Invention | 4 |
| 1963 | IEEE Formed from AIEE and IRE Merger | Standards | Organisation founded | 1 |
| 1969 | First ARPANET Message Transmitted | Networking | Protocol deployed | 2 |
| 1970 | Waterfall Model Described (and Critiqued) | Software | Paradigm shift | 2 |
| 1973 | Ethernet Invented and Standardised | Networking | Invention | 2 |
| 1974 | TCP/IP Protocol Suite Specified | Networking | Standard published | 5 |
| 1974 | AI Winters: Periods of Reduced Funding and Interest | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 2 |
| 1976 | Public Key Cryptography Invented | Cybersecurity | Invention | 2 |
| 1976 | Expert Systems Era: MYCIN and Rule-Based AI | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 1977 | Data Encryption Standard (DES) Published | Cybersecurity | Standard published | 2 |
| 1983 | Domain Name System Introduced | Networking | Standard published | 4 |
| 1984 | OSI Reference Model Published | Networking | Standard published | 2 |
| 1986 | Backpropagation Enables Multi-layer Neural Networks | Artificial intelligence | Publication | 3 |
| 1986 | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Established | Standards | Organisation founded | 3 |
| 1988 | Morris Worm: First Major Internet Worm | Cybersecurity | Major incident | 2 |
| 1988 | POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface Standardised | Standards | Standard published | 1 |
| 1989 | World Wide Web Invented | Networking | Invention | 2 |
| 1991 | Unicode Standard Published | Standards | Standard published | 1 |
| 1991 | Linux Announcement: Open Source Revolution | Software | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 1994 | World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Founded | Standards | Organisation founded | 2 |
| 1994 | Design Patterns Book Published (Gang of Four) | Software | Standard published | 1 |
| 1995 | BGP-4 Becomes the Internet Routing Standard | Networking | Protocol deployed | 2 |
| 1995 | SSL/TLS Protocol Evolution | Cybersecurity | Standard published | 2 |
| 1995 | Support Vector Machines: Maximum Margin Classification | Artificial intelligence | Publication | 1 |
| 1996 | HTTP Protocol Evolution: 1.0 to HTTP/3 | Networking | Standard published | 5 |
| 1997 | WiFi Standards Evolution: 802.11 to WiFi 6 | Networking | Standard published | 3 |
| 1997 | Deep Blue Defeats World Chess Champion | Artificial intelligence | Major incident | 1 |
| 1997 | LSTM: Solving the Vanishing Gradient Problem | Artificial intelligence | Publication | 1 |
| 1997 | ECMAScript: JavaScript Language Standardised | Standards | Standard published | 1 |
| 1998 | IPv6 Specification Published | Networking | Standard published | 2 |
| 1998 | Content Delivery Networks Transform Internet Architecture | Networking | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2000 | REST: Architectural Style for the Web | Software | Publication | 1 |
| 2001 | Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Published | Cybersecurity | Standard published | 2 |
| 2001 | Agile Manifesto Published | Software | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2002 | Test-Driven Development: Red-Green-Refactor | Software | Publication | 1 |
| 2005 | Git: Distributed Version Control Revolution | Software | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2006 | JSON: Universal Data Interchange Format | Standards | Standard published | 1 |
| 2006 | AWS Launch: Cloud Computing Era Begins | Cloud | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2008 | Mobile Network Evolution: 4G LTE to 5G | Networking | Standard published | 2 |
| 2008 | Software Defined Networking and OpenFlow | Networking | Paradigm shift | 2 |
| 2008 | DevOps Movement Emerges | Software | Paradigm shift | 3 |
| 2009 | NoSQL Movement: Beyond Relational Databases | Software | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2012 | QUIC: Modern Transport Protocol | Networking | Protocol deployed | 2 |
| 2012 | AlexNet Wins ImageNet: Deep Learning Revolution Begins | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 2 |
| 2012 | OAuth 2.0: Standard Authorization Framework | Standards | Standard published | 1 |
| 2013 | MITRE ATT&CK: Adversary Tactics and Techniques | Cybersecurity | Publication | 1 |
| 2013 | Word2Vec: Learning Meaning from Context | Artificial intelligence | Publication | 1 |
| 2013 | Docker: Containerisation Goes Mainstream | Software | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2014 | NIST Cybersecurity Framework Published | Cybersecurity | Standard published | 2 |
| 2014 | GANs: The Adversarial Revolution in Generative AI | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2014 | Microservices Architecture Defined | Software | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2014 | Kubernetes Released: Container Orchestration Standard | Software | Protocol deployed | 1 |
| 2015 | Let's Encrypt: Free Automated TLS Certificates | Cybersecurity | Protocol deployed | 1 |
| 2015 | OpenAPI: Machine-Readable API Documentation Standard | Standards | Standard published | 1 |
| 2016 | General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Enacted | Cybersecurity | Regulation enacted | 1 |
| 2016 | AlphaGo Defeats World Go Champion | Artificial intelligence | Major incident | 2 |
| 2017 | Equifax Data Breach: 148 Million Records Exposed | Cybersecurity | Major incident | 1 |
| 2017 | WannaCry Ransomware: Global Cryptoworm Attack | Cybersecurity | Major incident | 1 |
| 2017 | Transformer Architecture: Attention Is All You Need | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 2 |
| 2017 | WebAssembly: High-Performance Web Applications | Standards | Standard published | 1 |
| 2018 | Large Language Models: GPT and the Scaling Era | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2020 | SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack | Cybersecurity | Major incident | 1 |
| 2020 | Zero Trust Architecture Formalised by NIST | Cybersecurity | Paradigm shift | 1 |
| 2022 | ISO/IEC 27001:2022: Information Security Management Update | Cybersecurity | Standard published | 1 |
| 2022 | Diffusion Models: The New Era of Image Generation | Artificial intelligence | Paradigm shift | 1 |